Unit 12 Physiological principles for health and social care
UNIT AIM AND PURPOSE
This unit will enable learners to explore the structure and functions of body systems and how they work together to maintain essential life processes. Learners will discover how the component parts of these systems can deteriorate.
By investigating a number of common disorders, learners will be able to assess the type and degree of care that people affected by these disorders will need. This will require learners to understand the need for routine testing and monitoring and the guidelines that practitioners must follow. In the developed world, many people are adopting unhealthier lifestyles and yet, through modern medicine and care practices, living longer. The unit encourages learners to develop a transferrable skill set beneficial to roles in this career pathway
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LO1 Know the structure and functioning of the human body
1.1 outline the main anatomical features of the human body
1.2 discuss how body systems interact to ensure the body functions and grows
LO2 Understand the relationship between body functioning and relevant, detailed anatomy and physiology
2.1 explain normal body responses to everyday activities
2.2 discuss how body responses are explained by cellular and tissue structure and physiology
2.3 explain how the body coordinates its internal activities
LO3 Understand how routine data collected in health and social care informs the planning of care for individuals
3.1 explain the recording and use of routine measures in health and social care
3.2 assess how routine measures provide information about body functioning
3.3 examine how information about body functioning may inform care planning for individuals
LO4 Be able to relate routine variations in body structure and functioning to care received by individuals
4.1 explain how age may affect body structure and functioning
4.2 assess the impact of common disorders on body structure and functioning
4.3 relate the effects of common disorders and infection to the care routinely given to individuals affected by them
Indicative Content- Unit 12 Physiological principles for health and social care
LO1 Know the structure and functioning of the human body
Main anatomical features Gross structure and functions of body systems – cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, renal, endocrine, musculoskeletal, neural, sensory, reproductive and immune Gross structure of body organs – heart, arteries and veins, liver, kidney, lungs, small intestine, pancreas, bone, joint, eye, ear, brain, skin Interactions (e.g. digestive and cardiovascular, renal and cardiovascular, reproductive and cardiovascular, respiratory and cardiovascular, cardiovascular and endocrine, cardiovascular and skin, sensory, neural and musculoskeletal) Functions To maintain essential metabolism – chemical nature of body activity, rate at which energy is used;
changes in metabolic rate (e.g. during exercise, over lifespan) To respond to stimuli To remove poisonous waste products To replicate Growth Production of cells during development – increased size of cells (e.g. adipose tissue in obesity, muscle cells during training) tissue turnover/replacement (e.g. skin, hair, nails, bone, sperm)
LO2 Understand the relationship between body functioning and relevant detailed anatomy and physiology
Everyday activities (e.g. obtaining nutrients and oxygen, excreting, physical activity, avoiding danger, fighting infection, repairing damage) Cellular and tissue structure (e.g. wall of stomach, wall of small intestine, alveoli,
kidney nephron, voluntary muscle, joint, retina, cochlea, neuron, blood and lymph) Physiology (e.g. absorption of nutrients, gaseous exchange, filtration and selective reabsorption in kidneys, muscle action and locomotion, sensory detection and response, immune response, inflammatory response, blood coagulation) Internal activities (e.g. regulation of: body temperature, blood glucose, blood pressure, heart rate, breathing rate, urine output) Coordination Concept of homeostasis, principles of feedback, role of endocrine system, role of the autonomic nervous system and central nervous system, role of kidney, role of skin
LO3 Understand how routine data collected in health and social care informs the planning of care for individuals
Routine measures (e.g. visual observation, weight, height, temperature, pulse, ECG monitoring, blood pressure, respiration rate, food intake, fluid intake, fluid output, urine testsglucose, ketones, protein, blood tests (e.g. liver
function tests, cholesterol, glucose, blood proteins, clotting time, PSA levels), cognitive/memory tests) Information As relevant to measurement taken (e.g. heart rate, blood pressure, peak flow, over/under weight, nutrition, stroke/CHD risk, kidney function, hydration, diabetic stability, infection, prostate problems) Assessment considerations (e.g. sources of error, reliability, validity; concept of normal range, derived measures – e.g. body mass
index (BMI), fluid balance, nutritional health) Care planning (e.g. commissioning, monitoring course of health/disorder/disease, NICE guidelines, National Service Frameworks, care routines, professionals involved, reporting data to professionals, recognising need for emergency responses).
LO4 Be able to relate routine variations in body structure and functioning to care received by individuals
Effects of ageing (e.g. reduced metabolism, decreased fertility, loss of elasticity (e.g. skin, arteries, lens), loss of reaction times, degeneration or impaired function of tissues, rgans and systems – e.g. coronary arteries, neural
tissue, bone, cartilage, eyesight, hearing, speech, incontinence, ataxia, cognitive abilities) Common disorders (e.g. diabetes, cardiovascular disease, stroke, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, autoimmune, obesity) Impact (e.g. changes to body structure, impaired or loss of function, risks from treatment) Common disorders (e.g. diabetes, cardiovascular disease, stroke, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, autoimmune, obesity) Infections (e.g. septicaemia, gangrene, respiratory, urinary, influenza) Routine care (e.g. activities of daily living, mobility aids, monitoring, medication/treatment, available help, practitioners and services, infection prevention and control, rehabilitation)
Check Unit 11 Role of public health in health and social care
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